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- THE GULF, Page 29COVER STORIESWhat Price Glory?
-
-
- Before the U.S. and Iraq start shooting, the costs for both
- sides -- in fact, for the entire world -- should be carefully
- weighed
-
-
- Thousands, possibly tens or even hundreds of thousands of
- lives snuffed out. Worldwide recession, with high unemployment
- and inflation combined. Arab hatred smoldering for years and
- inspiring terrorist attacks on Americans in lands far removed
- from the Persian Gulf.
-
- That, to be sure, is a worst-imaginable-case assessment of
- the possible costs of a U.S.-Iraq war. The actual costs might
- not be quite that disastrous; they would in any case depend on
- a string of variables so long -- (the length of the war, number
- of troops involved, whether chemical weapons are used,
- intensity of air raids, accuracy of Iraqi missiles and
- antiaircraft fire, extent of damage to oil wells barely begin
- the list) -- that they cannot be predicted with anything
- remotely resembling precision. But though war might become
- inevitable, two factors should give pause to the most fervent
- of American hawks:
-
- 1. The worst case is all too plausible.
-
- 2. It takes a roseate imagination to conceive of any
- best-case, low-cost outcome.
-
- The potential cost has three elements:
-
- MILITARY. The price in lives -- on both sides -- is the
- hardest to forecast. Says Anthony Cordesman, a Washington-based
- military analyst: "War is one big experiment." It is just
- possible a coup in Baghdad would topple Saddam Hussein and
- bring the war to a quick, low-cost conclusion.
-
- It is much more likely, though, that Saddam's government was
- accurate in warning the U.S. that taking it on would not be
- "like Panama and Grenada." His military arsenal is the largest
- in the Arab world and is capable of doing extensive damage. At
- sea, Saddam's modern, Soviet-built magnetic mines are difficult
- to detect and could be a major menace.
-
- The U.S. would try to minimize casualties by avoiding a
- direct lunge into Kuwait and thus a head-on clash with Iraqi
- armor in the narrow coastal strip. An American offensive would
- rely heavily on aerial bombing; ground troops would probably
- flank Iraqi forces by swinging 100 miles inland and stage night
- attacks, for which they are much better trained and equipped.
- Admiral William Crowe, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of
- Staff, has no doubt that the U.S. would defeat Iraq -- "but at
- a terrible price."
-
- ECONOMIC. War in the Middle East could swiftly cut
- deliveries of oil from Saudi Arabia and the Arab emirates along
- the Persian Gulf; ship owners would be loath to send tankers
- into a war zone to pick up their petroleum. Iraqi missiles
- could damage Saudi oil fields, reducing supplies even after the
- war was over (though some experts say much of the damage could
- probably be repaired in a few months). The shortages would
- exacerbate the already startling run-up in oil prices. How much
- is anybody's guess, but $50 per bbl. for crude, vs. a bit less
- than $32 now and $18 as recently as mid-July, is conceivable.
-
- In the U.S. recession would become a certainty, and it could
- easily be deep. Experts at the Institute for International
- Economics in Washington calculate that $50 oil would cause
- "negative growth" of 3% to 4%, with a jump in unemployment well
- above the present 5.5%. Inflation would leap to a 9% to 10%
- annual rate, from around 4% to 4.5%. In Western Europe and
- Japan there might be some continued prosperity, since those
- economies have been rising much more rapidly than the U.S.'s.
- Even so, I.I.E. director Fred Bergsten predicts that "growth
- would slow by 2 or 3 percentage points, and inflation would rise
- by 3 to 4 points." Robert Hormats, a vice chairman of Goldman
- Sachs International, also fears a financial collapse: "If the
- Japanese stock market drops 4% because of concerns about a war
- [as it did in a single day last week], it would fall 40% to 50%
- on news of a real war. It would certainly shake the world
- financial system to its foundations."
-
- POLITICAL. The extent of potential anti-American outrage in
- the Arab world if war comes is a source of fierce debate.
- Western and some Middle Eastern analysts point to the success
- the U.S. has had so far in isolating Iraq. Anti-American
- demonstrations have occurred in six Arab states, but Egypt,
- Syria and Morocco have sent troops to help the U.S. and its
- European allies confront Saddam. Optimistic analysts expect
- that, at least if war comes as a result of a clear Iraqi
- provocation and the U.S. wins quickly, the Arab world will go
- with the winner and see Saddam Hussein as a blusterer who
- sacrificed huge amounts of treasure and lives and breached Arab
- unity by invading Kuwait, for nothing.
-
- Others are not so sure. In Jordan observers note that the
- facedown with Saddam has united Communists, Baath socialists
- and Islamic fundamentalists into a single anti-American front,
- something that has never happened before. If Saddam should
- succeed in bringing Israel into a war with the U.S., the result
- would be sheer political disaster. Such a conflict would look
- like a ganging up of the U.S. and Israel against the Arabs.
- Hatred of the U.S. could lead to coups toppling pro-American
- governments throughout the region as well as widespread
- terrorism.
-
- The price of not confronting Saddam must be pondered as
- well. A failure to defeat him now would leave open the
- possibility that he would re-emerge, equipped with nuclear arms
- and able to shut off the world oil supply for political
- reasons. As costly as putting down Saddam would be today,
- coping with the menace he might present in the future would be
- even more dire.
-
-
- By George J. Church. Reported by Richard Hornik and Bruce van
- Voorst/ Washington.
-
-
- ____________________________________________________________ Do
- you favor taking strong actions against Iraq even if it . . .
-
- FAVOR OPPOSE
-
- Causes inflation in this country to rise?
- 68% 24%
-
- Makes Americans pay a lot more to heat or air-condition
- their homes? 64% 30%
-
- Causes gas shortages and long gas lines? 58% 36%
-
- Leads to an increase in the price of gasoline to $2 a
- gal. or more? 58% 39%
-
- Helps cause an economic recession in this country?
- 54% 38%
-
-
- [From a telephone poll of 500 adult Americans taken for TIME on
- Aug. 23 by Yankelovich Clancy Shulman. Sampling error is plus
- or minus 4.5%.]
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